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【新唐人2013年09月25日讯】中共国务院批准的唯一一个自由贸易试验区——上海自贸试验区，一周后就要开张了，至今为止，还没有公布具体细节。这个由中共总理李克强推出的〝早产儿〞，是否能存活下去，能否真正成为〝自由贸易区〞？参与 〝自贸区〞调研的学者，向本台记者爆光了部分存在的障碍。记者发稿前发现，上海已经悄然挂上了〝中国 (上海)自由贸易试验区〞的牌子。
9月24号，原来立在上海杨高北路上的，〝外高桥保税区2号门〞的牌子悄然消失，取而代之的是〝中国(上海)自由贸易试验区〞。据报导，9月26号，上海市人大常务委员会将举行会议，审议有关〝上海自由贸易区〞地方性法规规定的草案。
〝上海自由贸易试验区〞范围涵盖外高桥保税区、外高桥保税物流园区、洋山保税港区和浦东机场综合保税区等，四个海关直属监管区域。
据了解，企业法人可以在〝自贸区〞完成人民币自由兑换。试点内容还涉及利率市场化、汇率自由汇兑、金融业的对外开放、产品创新等内容，以及一些离岸业务。
受命参与〝上海自由贸易区〞调研的中国金融智库研究员巩胜利，9月23号接受《新唐人》专访时透露，随着〝亚太自由贸易区(TPP)〞，和〝欧美自由贸易区(TTIP)〞的推动，中国完全被遮罩在自由贸易区之外，对中国的经济构成了毁灭性的打击，给中国的出口形成了要命的壁垒。面对这种巨大的危险，中共国务院总理李克强突破重重障碍，推出了〝上海自由贸易试验区〞。
巩胜利说，今年5月李克强把〝上海自贸区〞报备全国人大时，遇到3大障碍：第一，中国现行法律规定，外资企业投资不能占51%，否则属于违法。第二，中国现在企业税收为25%，〝自贸区〞的税收只能是15%，第三是管理机制问题 ，自由贸易实行国家与国家之间实施零关税之后，对政府运行成本最高的中国来说，是一个巨大的挑战。
中国金融智库研究员巩胜利：〝因为国家（中共）的运行成本是全球最高的，一个是国家运行，一个是党，党也要在国家的财政里面分一杯羹来养活他们，未来 的企业竞争就是成本之争，国家的成本高的话，对这些企业都是毁灭性的打击。〞
〝上海自由贸易区〞制定了98项具体细节。据巩胜利透露，试验区在上海进行自由贸易试验3年后，试图推向全中国。如果这条路走不通，〝欧美自由贸易区〞和〝亚太自由贸易区〞一旦上路，对中国将是一个毁灭性的打击。
巩胜利：〝我看了一下内部的资料，在这里面注册的企业不需要审批了，注册了就可以运行了，但是它的账户只能设立一个，那银监会也好，中国人民银行来监控的话都有可能了，但是你想国外的企业，它的账号是自己愿意怎么开就怎么开，和国际接轨又存在一些问题了。〞
巩胜利指出，金融监管机构——中国银监会，是这些试验的最大阻力。
巩胜利：〝7月份之前，就是人民银行银监会不同意，后来在北戴河的会议上，据说李克强都发怒了，他说现在中国货币和全世界的货币都存在一些障碍，如果不突破这个障碍，中国制造，中国经济再往哪里去，后来习近平参加俄罗斯的会议也提出来这个问题。〞
巩胜利认为，如果人民币不能自由兑换，和全世界货币相容，试验区等于纸上谈兵。
中国加入〝世贸组织〞12年后，〝入世〞红利已渐渐耗竭，与发达国家在经济、贸易上的矛盾却越来越突出。
巩胜利：〝中国（中共）有这个意思，就是想以国内这种自由贸易区来试验了以后，来完成TPP或TTIP这两大自由贸易区的适应过程，这种初衷应该是好的，但是中国的这个党和政的关系，运行起来可能还会出现很多的问题和阻力。〞
〝自由贸易区〞成立后，国有企业、私人企业和国外企业都享有同样的待遇。而由中共历代领导人后代占有的国有企业，将失去特权，包括资金、资源等方面的优势。巩胜利说，中国的国营企业也就成为了自由贸易区的最大障碍之一。
采访编辑/刘惠 后制/陈建铭
Shanghai Free Trade Area Faces Obstacles
The only pilot free trade area approved by China’s
State Council, the Shanghai FTA, will open next week.
So far, no specific details have been announced.
Can this “premature child”, launched by the Chinese Premier
Li Keqiang, survive and become a “free trade zone”?
A scholar who participated in free trade zone research
exposed some of the obstacles to our correspondent.
Reporters found Shanghai has erected “China (Shanghai)
Free Trade Test Area” signs before news was released.
On September 24, the sign for “Waigaoqiao Free Trade
Zone Second Door” which was established on the
Shanghai Yang Gao North Road was quietly removed.
It was replaced by, “China (Shanghai) Free Trade Test Area.”
It is reported that Shanghai Standing
Committee will hold a meeting.
The meeting will be to consider the draft of “Shanghai
Free Trade Zone” local regulations on September 26.
The “Shanghai Free Trade Test Area”
covers four customs supervision zones.
These are Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Pudong
Airport Free Trade Zone Waigaoqiao Bonded
Logistics Park, and Yangshan Bonded Port.
It is understood that the corporate legal entity can
do RMB exchange freely in a “free trade zone” (FTZ).
Pilot content also involves the interest rate
market, free exchange rates, the international
financial industry, and product innovation.
It will also involve some offshore businesses.
Gong Shengli is a researcher at the
China Financial Intelligence Unit.
Gong participated in research on
the “Shanghai Free Trade Zone.”
On September 23, Gong spoke with NTD in an interview,
and revealed that with the growth of “Asia-Pacific free
trade zone (TPP),” and “Europe Free Trade Area (TTIP)”,
China is entirely blocked outside of the free trade zones.
It is a devastating blow to China’s economy
and creates terrible barriers to china’s export.
Facing this great danger, Premier Li Keqiang broke through
barriers and launched the Shanghai Free Trade Test Area.
Gong Shengli said Li Keqiang encountered three major
obstacles when he filed the Shanghai Free Trade Zone
to the National Peoples Congress in May this year.
Firstly, under current Chinese law, foreign investment
cannot reach 51%, otherwise it becomes illegal.
Secondly, current Chinese corporate tax is 25% but,
“free trade zone” tax can only take 15% of revenue.
Thirdly the management mechanism is a problem.
It is a big challenge with the implementation of free trade
between countries after the implementation of zero tariff.
This is because the Chinese regime
has the highest operating costs.
Gong Shengli: “The Chinese Communist Party
(CCP) operating cost is the highest in the world.
This is because both state operations, and the party,
feed themselves with a piece of the country’s finances.
Since future business competition is the cost competition,
high state costs are a devastating blow to those companies.”
Shanghai Free Trade has developed 98 specific details.
As Gong Shengli revealed, free trade will be launched
nationwide, following a 3 year pilot in Shanghai.
It would be a devastating blow to China, with Europe and the
United States free trade and the Asia-Pacific free trade zone
on the right track, but the Shanghai zone leading nowhere.
Gong Shengli: “You can only register one
account without approval in the free trade zone.
No matter who monitors it, foreign companies
accounts cannot be set up as they like.
We might have more problems
with the tide of world development.”
Gong Shengli pointed out that the financial
regulator is the biggest obstacle to these tests.
Gong Shengli: “It is said that Li Keqiang
got angry in the Beidaihe meeting.
This was because the People’s Bank of China Banking
Regulatory Commission disagreed with it before July.
Li Keqiang said Chinese currency and
global currency are facing some obstacles.
How can China economy and manufacturing industry
grow without breaking through these barriers?
Later, Xi Jinping raised the same issue in a Russia meeting.
Gong Shengli believes the test zone is an armchair strategy.
That is, if RMB can not be exchanged freely,
and be compatible with global currencies.
12 years after China’s accession to the WTO, the
“WTO accession” bonus has been gradually exhausted.
The contradiction with developed countries in terms
of economy and trade has become more prominent.
Gong Shengli: “The original intention of a free trade zone
is to accomplish China’s adaptive process to TPP or TTIP.
However, the CCP can make free trade zone
implementation face many problems and obstacles.”
State-owned enterprises, private enterprises
and foreign enterprises are entitled to the same
treatment after the establishment of a FTA.
But state-owned enterprises occupied by
descendants of CCP officials will lose privileges.
This includes funding, resources and other advantages.
Gong Shengli said that China’s state-owned enterprises
are one of the biggest obstacles of a free trade zone.
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